Common name: Guatemalan potato moth
Scientific name: Tecia solanivora
Order: Lepidoptera
Affects: Potato crops and stored potatoes
Main season: Spring and Summer
Tecia solanivora has been causing significant damage to potato crops in Northern Tenerife and has recently been introduced into the potato crops of Gran Canaria and La Palma. Its seriousness is based on the damage it causes to potatoes in fields, as well as the damage produced later in warehouses, where the conditions are ideal for the fast reproduction of this pest. It is native to Guatemala, where it was described for the first time. Since then, it has spread throughout Central America (Costa Rica, Panama, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador) and later to South America, affecting Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. In The Canary Islands, it was detected in 1999 in Tenerife and later in Gran Canaria and La Palma in 2002.
It only grows on potatoes Solanum tuberosum. CAs with all moths, they are nocturnal and begin their cycle by laying their eggs on the potatoes or near them. They lay between 200 and 500 eggs. Fertilisation of the eggs reaches 95% and the incubation period can last between 5 and 15 days, depending on the temperature.
Male
Female
Once hatching occurs, the larva, which measures 1.5 mm and is a creamy white colour, enters inside the potato where it grows. It is responsible for the damage to the potato, characterised by the potato’s loss of weight and quality. At the end of the larval phase, which lasts between 15 and 29 days, the larva abandons the potato measuring 16 mm in size and a greenish colour to later turn pink.
Larvae in the 4º stage
Adult
External damage
Internal damage
Once outside the potato, the larva stops feeding on it and forms a silk cocoon with particles of different materials in which the chrysalis (pupa) remains inside. This phase can occur in the ground (soil), in sacks containing potatoes, in fissures and cracks in the floors and on the walls of warehouses. It can also pupate inside the potato. At first the chrysalis (pupa) is light brown, but when it emerges as an adult, it turns a darker colour. This phase lasts between 10 and 20 days.
The table above concludes that the moth can complete its lifecycle between 42 and 95 days, depending on the temperature.
Important facts of Tecia solanivora’s biology:
- At higher temperatures there are more generations, but also higher mortality rates.
- The minimum temperature for its development is between 7º C and 9º C.
- Temperatures below 10oC and rain are a limiting factor for its growth.
SOURCE: Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimentación de la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias.
1 to 2 traps per hectare should be placed at the same height as the crops or on an ECONEX TRAP SUPPORT (Code: TA051).
The traps should be placed as soon as the Tecia solanivora populations increase during the crop cycle. This usually happens during the process of tuberisation; therefore it is recommended to place the traps from the flowering period to harvest time.
The traps should be placed at an approximate height of 30 to 60 cm from the ground. The maximum height will be determined by the growth of the plants (if the traps are placed too low, once the crops have grown it will be difficult to find the traps).
The traps should be placed in the field paying special attention to the plot borders, where the populations increase much faster. Also, if the traps are placed inside the plots, due to the high density of the potato crops, it is difficult to service the traps.
For mass trapping, the number of traps per surface area must be increased, depending on the location and uniformity of the plots. One trap controls a surface area between 500 and 1.000 m2. This means a density of 10 to 20 traps per hectare is needed.
For an effective use of the traps, it is necessary to know about the lifecycle of the pest.
The traps should be placed where the Guatemalan potato moth is most likely to be found and at specific points in the food production process, where fast detection of the insects is important. In warehouses with a smaller quantity of produce stored, it is also advisable to place traps. In places where the activity of this pest is high, traps should be checked weekly to observe the number of insects caught. In other areas, the traps should be checked every 15 days.
Damaged potatoes and Tecia solanivora larvae
In warehouses, the trap density varies between a minimum of 3 traps and a maximum of 9 traps per 1000 m². Enclosures near to the infested area should have traps, as well as the corridors that are connected to an infested area. If the corridors come directly from the infested area, 2 traps should be placed one in front of the other.
To obtain good control of Tecia solanivora, it is advisable to combine two methods, which is detection and monitoring; and mass trapping.
1 or 2 traps per hectare should be placed to detect the pest and observe its population levels, 60 days before harvesting the potatoes.
With tolerance thresholds established in each area, the moment to adopt control measures, in this case mass trapping, can later be defined. The tolerance threshold for Tecia solanivora, is very low and varies depending on the area. In general, it is approximately 21 captures per trap and per week. At this point we recommend the placement of traps throughout the plot to carry out mass captures.
An ECONEX POLILLERO, EOSTRAP®, ECONEX WHITE TRIANGULAR without sheets or ECONEX DISPOSABLE WHITE TRIANGULAR trap and an ECONEX TECIA SOLANIVORA 2 MG 60 DAYS pheromone diffuser.
Pheromone diffuser ECONEX TECIA SOLANIVORA 2 MG 60 DAYS and packaging of the product
(Code: VA182)
ECONEX POLILLERO (Code: TA001)
INVAGINATED EOSTRAP® WITH ORANGE LID
(Code: TA042)
ECONEX DISPOSABLE WHITE TRIANGULAR
(Code: TA242)
ECONEX FOLDING WHITE TRIANGULAR WITHOUT SHEETS
(Code: TA273)
ECONEX SHEET FOR TRIANGULAR 1 UNIT
(Code: TA248)
Both the ECONEX POLILLERO and the EOSTRAP® are more suitable than the ECONEX TRIANGULAR trap for mass captures. In the ECONEX POLILLERO and the EOSTRAP® traps, it is advisable to place a substance capable of killing or retaining the captured insects inside the trap, such as olive oil or sunflower oil.
The ECONEX WHITE TRIANGULAR WITHOUT SHEETS trap is activated by placing an ECONEX SHEET FOR TRIANGULAR (Code: TA248) on its base. The sheet is impregnated with a pressure-sensitive adhesive, without solvents, in which the insects remain trapped. The ECONEX DISPOSABLE WHITE TRIANGULAR trap is coated on the inside with a layer of solvent-free contact adhesive, to keep the insects trapped.
Both traps stand out above all for their ease of use, and will remain operative until the pheromone runs out or the adhesive sheet (or surface) is saturated. The pheromone diffuser is placed inside the trap on the adhesive sheet (or surface).
The pest population, bordering crops, the level of control required, etc.
One important factor is the size of the crops. In small and irregular crops, a greater number of traps are required than in larger and more uniform plots.
Another important factor is the distance between plots that have Tecia solanivora. In cases like this, the borders of the plots must be reinforced, so it could be necessary to place up to 20 traps per hectare or even more for mass trapping.
ECONEX TECIA SOLANIVORA 2 MG 60 DAYS
Corrugated cardboard box of 3.000 units (150 packs of 20 units).
Box size: 0,60 x 0,40 x 0,35 m (length x width x height).
Box weight: 9,8 kg.
No. of boxes per pallet: 20
Pallet size: 1,20 x 0,80 x 2,00 m (length x width x height).
Pallet weight: 203 kg.
Pack of 20 units.
Includes a product information leaflet del manejo del producto
Box of 3000 units.
(150 packs x 20 units)
ECONEX POLILLERO
Corrugated cardboard box of 35 units.
Box size: 0.60 x 0.40 x 0.35 m (length x width x height).
Box weight: 9.80 kg.
Number of boxes per pallet: 20
Measurements of the pallet: 1.20 x 0.80 x 1.95 m (length x width x height).
Weight of the pallet: 206 kg.
Box of 35 units.
INVAGINATED EOSTRAP® WITH ORANGE LID
Corrugated cardboard box of 60 units.
Box size: 0.60 x 0.40 x 0.35 m (length x width x height).
Box weight: 9.00 kg
Number of boxes per pallet: 20
Measurements of the pallet: 1.20 x 0.80 x 1.95 m (length x width x height).
Weight of the pallet: 190 kg.
Box of 60 units.
ECONEX DISPOSABLE WHITE TRIANGULAR
Corrugated cardboard box of 250 units.
Box size: 0.42 x 0.29 x 0.21 m (length x width x height).
Box weight: 13.10 kg.
Number of boxes per pallet: 50
Measurements of the pallet: 1.10 x 1.00 x 1.25 m (length x width x height).
Weight of the pallet: 665 kg.
Box of 250 units.
ECONEX FOLDING WHITE TRIANGULAR WITHOUT SHEETS
CCorrugated cardboard box of 150 units.
Box size: 0.60 x 0.40 x 0.35 m (length x width x height).
Box weight: 10,60 kg.
NNumber of boxes per pallet: 20
Measurements of the pallet: 1.20 x 0.80 x 1.95 m (length x width x height).
Weight of the pallet: 222 kg.
Box of 150 units.
ECONEX SHEET FOR TRIANGULAR 1 UNIT
Corrugated cardboard box of 500 units.
Box size: 0.42 x 0.29 x 0.21 m (length x width x height).
Box weight: 10.75 kg.
Number of boxes per pallet: 50
Measurements of the pallet: 1.10 x 1.00 x 1.25 m (length x width x height).
Weight of the pallet: 545 kg.
Box of 500 units.
ECONEX TECIA SOLANIVORA 2 MG 60 DAYS LEAFLET
The leaflet can be downloaded in PDF format by clicking on the image.
ECONEX WEB RESOURCES
Section of the ECONEX corporate website that allows you access to online information about ECONEX solutions for the biocontrol of other relevant agricultural and forest pests.
To access ECONEX WEB RESOURCES click on the image.
SANIDAD AGRÍCOLA ECONEX, S.L. only guarantees the composition, formulation and content of the products, taking responsibility for the direct, immediate and exclusive damages caused in the composition, formulation and content of the products sold. SANIDAD AGRÍCOLA ECONEX, S.L. will not be held responsible for damages produced by factors beyond the company’s control that have either totally or partially contributed. For instance, the weather conditions, usage or mixing with other products, amongst others. In addition, SANIDAD AGRÍCOLA ECONEX, S.L. will provide recommendations and information supported by extensive and meticulous research and tests; which must be taken into account by the customer when using the products. The customer will be responsible for any damage caused, in whole or in part, for the total or partial non-observance of the instructions provided. Furthermore, the customer will be responsible for all that is referred to as the performance of the products; which comes from total or partial non-observance of the instructions and information provided by the company.